Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that affects the central vision of the eye and - as the name suggests- occurs mainly in older people. AMD is associated with damage to the macula, the central retinal area responsible for detailed vision such as reading and recognising faces.

 There are two main types of AMD: dry and wet. Dry AMD is the result of yellowish deposits in the macula or changes in the pigment layer of the retina, while wet AMD is caused by vascular abnormalities that can cause bleeding and scarring in the chorioidea and the retina.

reatment of AMD depends on the type and severity of the disease. There is currently no treatment that can completely reverse the damage that has already been done, but certain treatments, such as anti-VEGF intravitreal injection therapy and taking specific vitamin supplements, can help slow the progression of the disease. A revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment of wet AMD has been the development of injections into the vitreous body, which may even improve visual acuity. Intravitreal injections to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels may need to be repeated several times to achieve the best possible results. Prompt diagnosis and regular eye examinations are of paramount importance for early detection and effective treatment of AMD.

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease that may occur with long-term diabetes mellitus. High blood glucose levels can damage the blood vessels in the retina over a long period of time, causing vision problems. It is one of the most common complications of diabetes, especially in people who have had the disease for a long time or whose blood glucose levels are difficult to control or fluctuate.

There are two main types of diabetic retinopathy: non-proliferative and proliferative. In the non-proliferative type, the retinal blood vessels are damaged, which can lead to bleeding, fluid accumulation or fatty deposits affecting different layers of the retina. In the proliferative type, vascular damage causes new, abnormal blood vessels to form on the surface or between layers of the retina, which can lead to more severe visual problems such as retinal detachment.

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina - the inner, light-sensitive layer of the eye on the fundus - becomes separated from the other, more inner layers of the eyeball. This condition can cause severe vision loss and in the vast majority of cases requires urgent medical intervention.
The main causes of retinal detachment include holes or tears in the surface of the retina, which can be the result of genetic or environmental factors such as injury or eye surgery. Other factors such as high myopia or abnormal thickening of the retina may also increase the risk of detachment. Some diseases have a particularly high risk of retinal detachment, such as advanced proliferative diabetic retinal lesions.

During retinal detachment, the retina loses the supply of nutrients and oxygen it needs to function normally, which can lead to irreversible vision loss and even blindness. Symptoms may include sudden loss of vision, blurred vision, light scattering or flickering, and the appearance of a "curtain" or shadow in part of the visual field.

Treatment of retinal detachment usually requires surgical intervention. The aim of the surgical procedure is to reattach and fix the retina to the inside of the eye, usually using laser or surgical techniques. The sooner the retinal detachment is treated, the better the chance of restoring vision and minimising complications. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention immediately if you develop any symptoms that may indicate retinal detachment.
In our clinic, the vitrectomy surgical technique is most often the chosen surgical treatment.